Some disinfectant active-ingredient chemicals, such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, may volatilize and become hazardous if in sufficiently high vapor concentrations. Other parameters may introduce exposure concerns by creating inhalation hazards to the operator of the ESS or those occupying the space following disinfection. SOUNDBOKS Recalls Bluetooth Speakers with Lithium-Ion Batteries Due to Fire Hazard (Recall Alert), Olight Ecommerce Technology Recalls Flashlights Due to Burn Hazard, Eguana Technologies Recalls Evolve Home Energy Storage Systems with LG Battery Due to Fire Hazard, E-filliate Recalls DEWALT Wireless Earphones Due to Burn and Fire Hazards, Halo Recalls Promotional Childrens Projector Flashlights Due to Button Battery Ingestion and Choking Hazards, myCharge Recalls Powerbanks Due to Fire and Burn Hazards, Office of Equal Employment Opportunity and Minority Enterprise, Victory Innovations Recalls Electrostatic Sprayers with Lithium-ion Battery Packs Due to Fire and Explosion Hazards. During the three spray tests, which took place over the course of 1.5 hours, the average chlorine gas concentration was 0.14 0.02 ppmv. Click Ok if you wish to continue to the website; otherwise, click Cancel to return to our site. These include the following: The purpose of this research is to evaluate spray parameters for several different types of sprayers and foggers. Note, that it is imperative that the surface remain wet for the required contact time as per disinfectant label requirements. Example photographs of the spray deposition results are presented here. The highest level of hydrogen peroxide observed in the vapor phase was 0.35 ppmv, which lasted approximately 10 seconds and is lower than the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit (8-hr time weighted average) of 1 ppmv. Chlorine dioxide, the active ingredient in Vital Oxide, has been used as a water sanitizer for decades and is extremely safe for use. Thus, routine cleaning and disinfection of potentially contaminated surfaces is recommended, among other infection control activities, to limit the spread of the disease. The underside of the lamp also seems to be well illuminated, indicating deposition, although individual droplets are not as visible as they are on the right side of the lamp. However, when testing the quat-based disinfectant, the spray penetrated the sheath air protecting the optics of the instrument and thus coated the lenses, rendering the data for this disinfectant unusable. Electrostatic charging of trigger actuated spray devices. HANDHELD SPRAYER Covers 2,800 sq. CPSC.gov is an official website of the United States government. All of the other devices evaluated were newly purchased for this study. The VMD of most of the sprayers generally decreased with spray distance, presumably due to the larger droplets falling out before reaching the optical path of the droplet size instrument. Figure 2. Sprayer flow rates were measured in conjunction with other tests, such as measuring the DSD or electrical charge tests (discussed below). Although test materials were sprayed until droplets began to coalesce (a somewhat subjective determination), materials in the horizontal orientation generally had higher amounts of water initially deposited than when coupons were oriented vertically (presumably due to runoff). Both water and disinfectants are being tested in the sprayers. Figure 5. Victory electrostatic sprayers are the perfect means to efficiently apply Vital Oxide disinfectant using 60% less chemical in 70% less time. These devices impart an electrostatic charge to the disinfectant spray droplets (most do so as the droplets exit the nozzle of the sprayer), with the goal of improving deposition of the droplets onto surfaces and thus promoting more efficient use of the disinfectant. About 405,000 (In addition, 27,000 in Canada). The hand pumped sprayer and one of the foggers had the highest flow rates, at 17 and 11 oz/min, respectively. In each test, the spray nozzle was placed at the same height as the center of the can. All tests were conducted with the ESS operator wearing an insulator mitt, and all ESS were operated according to the manufacturers instructions provided, related to the use of any grounding requirements. 4.Backpack sprayer had different nozzles to adjust droplet size. The average wind tunnel temperature and RH measured approximately 23 C and 47.0%, respectively. Gaunt, L.F. and Hughes, J.F. Note that other sprayer parameters will be evaluated as part of this study but presented in a future data release or in a final report. A majority of the sprayers and foggers evaluated had flow rates in the range of approximately 3.7 to 6.1 fluid ounces per minute (oz/min). After the initial deposition results are converted to more typically reported units, average results for the vertical coupons ranged from 23-33 ounces per 1000 ft2, and average results for the horizontal coupons ranged from 38-65 ounces per 1000 ft2. To put in perspective, it has been suggested that a charge of at least 0.1 mC/kg is needed to elicit electrostatic benefits (Gaunt and Hughes, 2004). Report a dangerous product or a product-related injury on. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risk of injury or death associated with the use of thousands of types of consumer products. # Total concentration of free and combined chlorine from dichlor. It is not known what magnitude of charge is necessary to elicit benefits of electrostatic deposition of disinfectants on surfaces for virus disinfection. There was no loss in the disinfectant available chlorine level (free hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid and combined from dichlor) as measured from the sprayer reservoir, when collected at the nozzle, and when sprayed and then collected 3 feet away. The coupons were oriented in both a horizontal and vertical position. In general, ESSs should be evaluated in conjunction with a specific disinfectant, i.e., the spray parameters should be evaluated as an ESS/disinfectant system. The results for the wetness tests are summarized in Figure 6 and show the amount of water recovered from the test coupons initially after spraying (the positive controls) and after 10 minutes of drying time. As expected, the fogger and hand-pumped sprayer showed no measurable electrostatic charge. Cationically charged droplets prevent drips, cover hidden and shadowed areas, and cover a large area in a small amount of time. Five ESS configurations were evaluated by spraying water onto 14-inch by 14-inch coupons of either plastic, stainless steel, or glass. Visual inspection of the coupons after 10 minutes showed that drying on the surface was uneven, such that portions of the surface were visibly dry, in contrast to the gravimetric method reporting remaining water mass for the whole area sampled. The disinfectants were prepared according to the label directions. Technol. Watch the webinar recording on this research:COVID-19: Electrostatic Sprayers and Foggers for Disinfectant Application. The portion of the right-side image near the back of the lamp (opposite of where it was sprayed) does appear somewhat darker, indicating less deposition. by 11.4 in., mounted to plywood of similar dimensions using zinc screws at each corner. (1974) for more information on dichlor chemistry related to disinfection. CPSC's work to ensure the safety of consumer products has contributed to a decline in the rate of injuries associated with consumer products over the past 50 years. F= front of can (upper left photo); R=right side of can; B=back of can; L= left side of can. ft. per tank of fluid, $699.99, BACKPACK SPRAYER Covers 23,000 sq. The hydrogen peroxide concentration of the undiluted disinfectant, measured several months after it was obtained, was 6.0%, in contrast to the label indicating it to be 8%. 3.This model has ability to turn the electrostatics on and off. Model PX20A or PX20B is printed on the Protexus battery packs label. This attribute may be both an advantage and disadvantage: an ESS may allow less disinfectant to be used to cover a surface area, but with less disinfectant applied, disinfection efficacy may diminish if the surface does not remain wet for the required contact time. Another ESS came equipped with two different nozzle tips to adjust droplet size (a 40 micron and 80-micron VMD), and so the DSD was measured for both. Only disinfectants are being used in tests to evaluate loss of active ingredient, and in efficacy testing. Official websites use .gov In both coupon orientations, the plastic material had the least amount of water loss. The free-available chlorine concentration of the prepared disinfectant (4,347 ppm) and as indicated on the label (4,306) were not significantly different from each other. The front quadrant of the can shows the most deposition, as expected, with the tiny droplets being relatively visible. The charge to mass ratio results are reported in units of milliCoulombs/kg. F= front of can; R=right side of can; B=back of can; L= left side of can. Figure 4. 6.This device was not tested for spray charge due to the sprayer becoming non-functioning after the DSD tests. The deposition results are generally consistent with manufacturer-recommended spray deposition quantities (see Table 1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00966, COVID-19: Electrostatic Sprayers and Foggers for Disinfectant Application, The amount of disinfectant to apply to a surface, i.e., the deposition rate (e.g., fluid ounces of disinfectant per 1000 ft. Vital Oxide kills 99.999% of germs on contact and is now EPA approved for eliminating COVID-19 on surfaces. The hand-pumped sprayer is the only manual sprayer evaluated. That is, these are considered blanks or controls, to indicate how the trash cans appeared under black light prior to spraying. Pitol, A.K. A 3-inch by 3-inch square was marked on each can at 90-degree intervals using a UV-A fluorescent pen, and labeled as front, back, left and right. 2 by surfaces: risks and risk reduction strategies. Please click here to see any active alerts. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Average ( SD) amount of water (grams or milliliters) recovered from test coupons immediately after spraying (initial) or after 10 minutes (final), in either the horizontal or vertical position. A more complete dataset of deposition results will be presented in a final report. The lithium-ion battery modules within the Evolve Home Energy Storage Systems can overheat, posing a fire hazard. A Keithley 4145 picoammeter was used to directly measure current generated from spraying the plate with electrostatically charged droplets and was connected to the top corner of the plate via positive lead with an alligator clip. Temperature in the test chamber was controlled to approximately 21 C and relative humidity was controlled to approximately 35%; air flow in the test chamber was approximately 1 m/s. There appears to be more deposition on the side of the lamp compared to either side of the trash can, which may be due to the smaller diameter of the lamp. Available chlorine (free as hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid and combined from dichlor) was measured when using the dichlor-based disinfectant, using a commercially available method (Hach high-range bleach test kit; Method 10100, model CN-HRDT; Loveland, CO) adapted from ASTM Method D2022-89. ET. This recall involves Victory Innovations and Protexus-branded cordless handheld and backpack electrostatic sprayers used to disinfect surfaces. The percent water loss after 10 minutes for coupons in the vertical orientation ranged from 78-95%, while the loss of water for coupons in the horizontal position ranged from 65-81%. Approximately 8 mL were dispensed in each spray test. 1.Range in average results based on tests done with DI and tap water, at 3-4 different distances. The flashlights can be turned on inadvertently and overheat while stored in the holster or a consumers pocket, posing a burn hazard to consumers. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product-related incidents cost the nation more than $1 trillion annually. During each spray, the sprayer was moved back and forth, so that the spray cone fully enveloped the can. The sprayer was running for a few seconds before placing the nozzle in the container and starting the timer. and Julian, T.R. In other words, the gravimetric method we used may report remaining disinfectant for a particular surface area, although there may be significant portions of that sampled area that are visibly dry. The manufacturer of the SC-ET ESS did not provide a surface coverage rate, but recommended that a wetness test be conducted to determine the proper coverage amount such that the surface remains wet for the required contact time. Following the tests using water, the spray charge for one of the ESS was evaluated for the same three disinfectants used in the DSD tests to assess the impact the presence of the disinfectant might have on the charge. Not surprisingly, the garden sprayer generally had larger droplets, with its maximum average VMD at 207 microns. At each spray distance, the DSD was analyzed five times with the spray perpendicular to the laser. 4330 East-West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814, Contact Us: 800-638-2772 (TTY 800-638-8270) This study is being conducted in accordance with an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan. This series of tests was conducted to qualitatively assess, and document with photographs, the ability of the spray (electrostatic or not) or fog to wrap around and deposit on the sides and back of a cylindrical object. No interpretation of the interim results is provided. They come with a nozzle, nozzle wrench, tank, lithium-ion battery pack and a battery pack charger. Although not shown here, the qualitative deposition results were similar for all the sprayers and foggers evaluated when spraying the trash can, with some minor differences. Example photographs of a clip-on lamp, before and after spraying fluorescent dye solution. 7.Battery may not have been fully charged. A majority of the devices evaluated had average VMDs 40 microns. It is odorless, nontoxic and noncorrosive so its safe to use on wood, metal or even fabric. The electrostatic charge imparted to the spray, potentially affecting its ability to deposit onto surfaces, including surfaces not in the direct path of the spray (e.g., the ability to wrap around and adhere to complex surfaces). (For the Clorox 360 sprayer, we used both tap and DI water as the diluent in these tests, to evaluate whether the lack of ions in the water affected deposition.) Two holes were bored at the top of the plate and rubber screen spline was used to suspend the plate 52 in. This is a concern for the ESS operator, as well as for occupants of the space following disinfection (if not properly aerated). These photographs are meant to provide a qualitative, visual understanding of the spray deposition and the wrap around effect, or lack thereof. Interim results from wetness tests (to be discussed in a later report) using water showed that in most cases materials remained wet for 10 minutes at typical deposition rates and ambient conditions. Although when compared to the back side of the control trash can (Figure 3), the back side of the test trash can does not appear to be as obscure, indicating the possibility that some minimal amount of spray may have reached the back side.