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welcome, and thanks for reading us. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. /Resources << Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. /Type /XObject Payment Details. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. % This was many times more the population of most African countries then. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. It also decided that the Public . Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. What is federalism? Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. /Parent 2 0 R It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. /Width 371 Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Asst. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. It is our pleasure. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. All rights reserved. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. 2. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. ff>qsfN? By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. >> Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Federalism in India. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. 3 0 obj Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Each state has the same level of self-governance. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. /Type /Page Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Adobe d C (Tanzi, 1996). To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. 3. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Pls visit us again dear reader. He rejects the assertion that Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Hon. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. /Font << Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Nigeria. %PDF-1.5 Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. stream Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. mexican cartel in dominican republic, aritzia jobs nyc, 1507369164fd4f589ccf2c4d3c5d416360 shoulder bodysuit,