[114] Regional differences dictate the order of their births. By reinterpreting GD as a clandestine operation invented by their political leaders, Barack Obama and Raila Odinga, inhabitants of Siaya portray themselves as belonging to a community of interdependent equals whose members are entitled to what the anthropologist James Ferguson has called their ‘rightful share’. Because Shiva considered Ganesha too alluring, he gave him the head of an elephant and a protruding belly. A group of white foreigners engaged with the protesters, and when asked why they wanted to kill the African students, a Chinese protester explained that they wanted justice for the Africans’ supposed killing of one of his classmates, and that he had no quarrel with white foreigners. [115] In northern India, Skanda was an important martial deity from about 500 BCE to about 600 CE, after which worship of him declined significantly.
And like their colonial predecessors, they are also sites of forced labour. [218] The spread of Hindu culture throughout Southeast Asia established Ganesha worship in modified forms in Burma, Cambodia, and Thailand. [85] The names Mūṣakavāhana (mouse-mount) and Ākhuketana (rat-banner) appear in the Ganesha Sahasranama. Like in colonial times, the beneficiaries of this prison industrial complex are the state and those who control it. The Bailey edition uses a variant text, and where Sharma reads. [184] The description of Dantin, possessing a twisted trunk (vakratuṇḍa) and holding a corn-sheaf, a sugar cane,[185] and a club,[186] is so characteristic of the Puranic Ganapati that Heras says "we cannot resist to accept his full identification with this Vedic Dantin". When the Benin student later returned to the front gate to wait for another Chinese friend, a group of heckling Chinese students attacked him, chanting “Black Devil, you must respect the laws of China!” and “What do you want, Black Devil?” The African students then ran to the foreign students’ hall to inform their friends of this attack after which several African students “began to arm themselves with wooden sticks, empty Jinling beer bottles and stones.”. [141] Because of Ganesha's wide appeal as "the god for Everyman", Tilak chose him as a rallying point for Indian protest against British rule. Ganesha, elephant-headed Hindu god of beginnings, who is traditionally worshipped before any major enterprise and is the patron of intellectuals, bankers, scribes, and authors. [175] While this verse doubtless refers to Brahmanaspati, it was later adopted for worship of Ganesha and is still used today. [77] Ekadanta-Ganapati is visualised as blue during meditation in that form. By way of conclusion, I want to suggest the idea of ‘ungifting’ development aid, i.e. [223] His image appears in Buddhist sculptures during the late Gupta period. [204], R.C. [32], In the Burmese language, Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne (မဟာပိန္နဲ, pronounced [məhà pèiɰ̃né]), derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka (မဟာဝိနာယက). [231] In Japan, where Ganesha is known as Kangiten, the Ganesha cult was first mentioned in 806. This platform uses cookies to improve your browsing experience. Kenyan prisons today carry the DNA of their forebears – the colonial prisons and Mau Mau detention camps. [19] Though the earliest mention of the word Ganapati is found in hymn 2.23.1 of the 2nd-millennium BCE Rigveda, it is however uncertain that the Vedic term referred specifically to Ganesha. In order to understand what had happened in Homa Bay County and why so many households had refused to participate, I teamed up with Samson Okech, a former field officer of Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) who had conducted surveys for GD in Siaya. One might argue that African governments exerted similarly weak pressure regarding the crisis in Guangzhou. [197] Yuvraj Krishan says that the Puranic myths about the birth of Ganesha and how he acquired an elephant's head are in the later Puranas, which were composed of c. 600 onwards. “My knees are still hurting to date. [8] Ganesha is widely revered as the remover of obstacles,[9] the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom. Did the program really reach the poorest members of society if accepting the offer depended on understanding the complex networks of NGOs that constitute the aid landscape? [209], One of the most important Sanskrit texts that enjoys authority in Ganapatya tradition, according to John Grimes, is the Ganapati Atharvashirsa. For the Ganesha Purana story of, Maruti Nandan Tiwari and Kamal Giri, "Images of. [168] The earliest Ganesha icons in stone were carved in Mathura during Kushan times (2nd–3rd centuries CE). All of these rumors, which are epitomized in a phrase some recipients considered to be GD’s slogan, Idak maber, to idak matin – (‘You live well, but you live short’) – revolve around the same paradox: Money initially offered with no strings attached, but whose reproductive potential will soon demand blood sacrifice or lead to a fundamental change in one’s own reproductive capacities. Predictably, poverty has a gender and spatial dimension. [160] He is, states Bailey, recognised as goddess Parvati's son and integrated into Shaivism theology by early centuries of the common era. [125], The Shiva Purana says that Ganesha had begotten two sons: Kşema (prosperity) and Lābha (profit). :D. A range of ideas for an Elmer topic in reception.